Rarefied granular gases: correlations, asymptotic expansion and hydrodynamics

Abstract

Granular materials are conglomerations of discrete macroscopic particles, which are ubiquitous in our daily lives, whose size can vary from 1 mm to meters to kilometres. They play an important role in applications as diverse as agriculture, mining, civil engineering, chemical, energy production, semiconductor industries, waste recycling industries and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Examples of common granular materials include sands, gravels, ores, soils, seeds, powders, food grains, fertilizers, cement, coal, capsules and pills, ice bergs, asteroids, planetary rings, and sand dunes, etc.