Differential operators such as gradient, curl, laplacian and divergence used in vector algebra follow certain identities and symmetries, which often is absent in their discrete counterpart. For example, the laplacian ...

We study the merger of three or more identical co-rotating vortices initially arranged on the vertices of a regular polygon, and compare it to the merger of two like-signed vortices. The latter is a well-studied problem, ...

Turbulence can be defined as that state of matter characterized by a loss of coherence in space and time, as a result of the non-linear interaction of a large number of degrees of freedom, in excess of billions even for ...

A granular material is a conglomeration of discrete macroscopic (>1 mm in size) solid particles or grains. Granular materials are commonplace in nature and industry. According to Richard et al. (2005), “Granular materials ...

In this thesis, we report results from laboratory experiments conducted to study mantle convection. Mantle convection corresponds to a regime of high Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers. In this chapter, we first give a introduaction ...

Granular materials are conglomerations of discrete macroscopic particles, which are ubiquitous in our daily lives, whose size can vary from 1 mm to meters to kilometres. They play an important role in applications as ...

Buoyancy drives many flows in nature as well as in industrial processes. It drives the climate - it plays an important role in the vertical transport of heat and water vapour. Buoyancy also acts as a restoring force in ...

Granular materials are usually defined to be a collection of large number of discrete, dissipative, solid particles, which are ubiquitous in nature. They are one of the most used materials in the real world after water, ...

This thesis explores the dynamical behavior of granular materials via experiments in a vertically vibrated granular bed. Experiments are designed with the primary objective to understand the pattern formation dynamics ...

The thesis focuses on the effect of radiation forcing by atmospheric aerosols on the nocturnal boundary layer close to ground. This study is on the anomalous temperature profile that develops after sun-set, under calm, ...