Non-renewable sources of energy like petroleum, coal and natural gas contributed to 75% of the world's energy requirements in 2018.1 Studies have shown that world's energy demand in 2018 was more than 23 000 TWh and increased ...

In the last few decades, tremendous advances have been made in synthesis of ordered porous solids with controlled pore size, shape and regularity of the pores.1-5 Among them, ordered mesoporous silica stands out due ...

Living cells embody complex interaction networks with a millieu of reactions among the large numbers and types of molecules. Several distinguishing characteristics of living systeM.S. are that they are far from equilibrium, ...

Formation of exotic electronic states driven by electron correlations is one of the most intriguing phenomena in condensed matter physics. The macroscopic properties of a material are a consequence of how electrons and ...

The importance of materials has been known and realized for ages. Dating back to 3000 BC the signi cant contribution of materials in the development of civilization was recognized. Starting from the origin of human life ...

Catalysis have been a part of the human civilization since centuries. One of the early examples of catalysis is the fermentation of biological materials such as grapes, rice, etc to produce ethyl alcohol using yeast. ...

In simple terM.S., room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are materials that are composed entirely of ions (without any charge neutral molecules) and also melt at low temperatures. [1 8] While 100oC is generally accepted ...

Nanoscale materials are defined as materials where at least one dimension is in the nanometer scale approximately 1-100 nm. The reduction in the spatial dimension, in a particular crystallographic direction within a ...

Magnetic and ferroelectric materials are in the heart of the modern science and technology. Magnetic materials with switchable spontaneous magnetization (M) driven by an external magnetic field (H) have been widely used ...