Noise spectroscopy of hybrid perovskite solar cells

Abstract

By 2040, the world energy requirement is expected to increase by 48% with major need coming from the developing nations, China and India.1-3 World population growth, increasing industry densities, vehicles and increase in per head consumption are the main reasons for this increasing energy requirement. Currently, per capita consumption of energy (a measure of development index) of USA and Canada is twice of Europe and more than 800 times of some of the developing countries.4 We have been relying on the conventional sources such coal, petroleum and natural gas for quite some time now, as our primary energy source. However, it is not long before that they will be exhausted sometime, considering their limited quantity.