Abstract:
Biomolecules are a class of soft-materials, which are considered to be essestial for controlling various physiological functions in all living organisms.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA), the most relevant biomolecules, are the polymer of nucleotide, which contains nucleobases
and sugar-phosphate backbone. In 1953, Watson and Crick [1] first proposed
the DNA double helical structure, which describes the unique base-pairing
effects in canonical duplex, DNA. Specific base sequences of duplex nucleic
acids stores the genetic informations. Moreover, the nucleic acids also regulate and catalyze various important biological processes. In order to perform
these diverse biological functions, nucleic acids, not only form the canonical
duplex structures, but it also adopts various non-canonical conformations. In
fact, there are various non-cannonical nucleic acid structures, which includes
triplexes, hairpin loops, cruciform, poly(dA), duplex (A-motif) junctions, Gquadruplex structures, and many other higher order structures [2–5]. Among
all these non-standard nucleic acids structures, G-quadruplexes have drawn much attention because of their both in vivo and in vitro applications. Many
experimental as well as theoretical studies have been devoted to deeply understand their biological functions and possible nanobiotechnological applications [6–12].
