Abstract:
Practical demonstration of a working transistor by John Bardeen, Walter Brat-
tain, and William Shockley in 1947 laid the foundation of electronics industry, and
were awarded the Nobel prize in Physics (1956)1 for the same. The electronic cir-
cuits that used vacuum tubes and triodes were supplanted by silicon based devices
with the added advantage of reduced power consumption, smaller size, improved
performance, large scale production, etc. Silicon based logic circuits nd critical
application in the eld of computing, communications, space technology, manufac-
turing industries, aviation, defence, research, consumer electronics and many more.
At present, all forM.S. of technological advancements rely heavily on electronics.
