Abstract:
Low dimensional systeM.S. have got tremendous impetus in last few decades due
to their interesting and exotic properties. These properties arise when one or
more spatial dimensions are reduced to less than a nanometre.This is because,
the motion of electrons become contstrained along the reduced dimensions, when
quantum con nement e ects[1{7] begin to dominate. In fact, due to such e ects, we
have two-dimensional, one-dimensional and zero-dimensional systeM.S. which give
rise to exotic properties[8{12]. Examples of such systeM.S. are many, including some
of the famous ones being, fullerene, nanotubes, graphene etc. Nowadays, with the
advent of synthesis and characterization techniques, there are realization of newer
and newer low-dimensional systeM.S. almost in everyday basis.
