Abstract:
In the last century, wireless communication has been the fastest growing segment of the
communications industry. In 1864 James Clerk Maxwell showed mathematically that
electromagnetic waves could propagate through free space. However, the existence of
electromagnetic waves was experimentally demonstrated by Heinrich Rudolph Hertz in
1888. It was in 1895, Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose demonstrated the first wireless
communication using electromagnetic waves to ring a bell remotely by using gunpowder9.
Since then, wireless communication technology has had many major pathbreaking
developments starting from the invention of telegraphy and radio to the invention cellular
mobile technology. Wireless technology systeM.S. have experienced exponential growth
over the last decade and there are currently around two billion users worldwide. Due to this,
the available radio spectrum below 10 GHz has become insufficient to all the users
worldwide. This has sparked a need for the use of the radio spectrum above 10 GHz10.
