Abstract:
Nucleic acids, the blue-print of life, have been known to be the central
molecules in transmission, expression, and conservation of genetic information
in all the living organisms (animals, plants, fungi, bacteria etc.). Deoxyribonucleic
acids (DNA), ribonucleic acids (RNA) and proteins are essentials
for all known forms of life. Nucleic acids were discovered by Swiss scientist
Friedrich Miescher in 1869. [2] Later, he realized that the nucleic acid (DNA)
could be involved in heredity. Experimental studies on nucleic acids constitute
a major part of modern biological and medical researches. [3] It is very
much important for genome and forensic science too. [4] It has a huge variety
of applications in modern biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.
Currently, an automated DNA synthesizer can routinely make oligomers in
the order of 100 nucleotides possessing pre-designed base sequences. [5] Nucleic
acid analogues are compounds which are structurally similar to naturally
occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine, molecular biology and in
advanced nanotechnology research.
