Investigations of zinc oxide and carbon nanostructures

Abstract

Since the development of the two-cylinder steam engine by James Watt in the 1760s, human-kind has experienced three industrial revolutions [1]. The first industrial revolution, as represented by the appearance of Watt's steam engine, employed various machines to replace human work. The second industrial revolution began at the end of the 19th century and was earmarked by the discovery of the internal combustion engine and electric generator [2], which led to the increased usage of electrical appliances, automobiles, and petroleum products. The construction of the first computer in the 1940s led to the third industrial revolution, which was followed by the rapid development of information technology [2].