Dynamics of clustering in systems of granular and active particles

Abstract

Thermodynamics and equilibrium statistical mechanics have been used widely in various situations for the understanding of systems in equilibrium [1]. But, most of the natural systems are inherently not in equilibrium. Examples include systems from microscopic scale to the scale of the universe. Granular flows, turbulent motion in fluids, motion of active microswimmers as well as formation and breakdown of cosmic particles are all examples of out-of-equilibrium systems. In our daily life also, most of the systems we deal with are out of equilibrium. Though lots of studies have been done to understand various nonequilibrium systems, a compact and general theory is missing due to ample diversity in the exhibited phenomena [2]. In this thesis, we will primarily deal with granular and active matter systems, examples of typical nonequilibrium systems, detailed introduction about which will be given in following sections.