Abstract:
"Discovery of the double helical DNA structure in 1953 is considered as one of the most
significant landmark events in the field of biology [1]. After this illuminating discovery, the
subsequent years saw the continuous efforts for deciphering the genetic code and establishing
the link between genes and proteins in the form of identification of messenger RNA
(mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and the ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These three RNA
molecules in cooperation with the ribosome machinery translate the genetic code into a
protein. In the mid-1950s, the connection between rRNA and ribosomes with respect to
protein synthesis was established [2]. Later the roles of tRNA and mRNA in protein
synthesis were proven [3, 4]. In 1958, Francis Crick described one of the most celebrated
dogmas in the field of biology describing the flow of genetic information from DNA to
proteins involving RNA as an intermediate [5]. Also in 1961, Jacob and Monod published
their classical findings on the lac operon of Escherichia coli [6]. All these studies reestablished
the primary functional role of proteins in the cellular machinery and RNA was
designated as a messenger between DNA and proteins."
